This my summarization of State Of Art Paper from the creator of the Sociometric Badge.
Here is the .pdf.
./20161105-1413-cet-state-of-the-art-1-sociometric-badge-1.pdf
- This stuff is actually have started even before I touched senior highschool.
- Yet I just started this in 2016 XD.
- This paper is brought by Daniel Olguin Olguin and Professor Alex "Sandy" Pentland.
- I have seen these names a lot in article and paper regarding Sociometric Badge.
- The most basic function of Sociometric Badge.
- Able to measure amount of face to face interaction.
- Conversational time.
- Physical activity level measured using xyz sensor.
- Physical proximity to other people wearing the same badge.
- Prosodic style. Prosodic is the study of suprasegmental characteristics of speech, like intonation, rhythm and stress, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosody_(linguistics).
- Intonation.
- Rhythm.
- Stress.
- Active Badge developed at Olivetti Research in 1990.
- However, this company is not relevant anymore.
- The Active Badge contains small microprocessor and infrared transmitter.
- This badge is able to broadcast identity of the wearer and trigger things. For example these are things that can be automated.
- Automatic door.
- Automatic telephone call forwarding.
- Computer display.
- The main application at that time was as an aid for telephone receptionist and mainly to track people inside a office environment.
- Then there was Thinking Tags in 1996.
- Thinking Tags were the first computational augmented name tags.
- Thinking Tags is capable to display what things are in common when two people meet in conference or meeting.
- This was achieved depending on how many question that these people answered that has same answer.
- Two years later in 1998 there is Meme Tag.
- Meme was based in Richard Dawkins' The Selfish Gene book at that time.
- Meme Tag allows people to electronically share brief ideas or opinion through a rather large LCD screen.
- This system is then evolved into nTag System.
- nTag system offers commercial solution to improve, measure, and automate meetings and events.
- A year later in 1999 there was Wearable Sensor Badge developed at Phillips Research Labs.
- This device is able to detecting simple activities using accelerometer.
- There there was iBadge to capture interaction with student, teacher, and common classroom object within classroom environment.
- There was SocioMeter.
- SocioMeter is a wearable sensor package designed to measure face to face interactions between people with an infrared transceiver, a microphone, and 2 accelerometer.
- This was used to mapping a network of social interaction.
- The cons is that the size of SocioMeter is big and also a bit heavy for common wearable devices.
- There was UbER Badge.
- It was developed at the MIT Media Lab.
- It has these.
- Audio output via 3.5 mm headphone jack.
- Flash memory capacity.
- IR communication.
- LED display capable of showing graph and scrolling texts.
- Microphone for audio sampling.
- Pager motor for vibratory feedback.
- RF communication.
- And a lot of other connectors for these.
- LCD Display.
- Attaching other sensors.
- The best known communication badge is the Vocera Communication Badge.
- The system has a servers that maintains these things.
- Badge session identifiers.
- Email addresses.
- Names.
- Telephone numbers.
- Voice dialing phrases.
- This Vocera Communication Badge is more into communication rather than sociometric measurements.
- The current state of the art of Sociometric Badge is to measure individual and group behavior in social sciences.
- Researchers should not worry anymore to conduct social test using interviews or surveys.
- Surveys and observations are time consuming and this Sociometric Badge is here as an experimental research platform.
- They expect Sociometric Badge to have high demand in research communities and later in consumer market for self monitoring devices.
- So expect this to be in researchers hand first then in end consumers hand.
- The main functionality of this Sociometric Badge is to automatically capture individual and group pattern of social behaviors.
- Later this social pattern can be used to determine these matters.
- Identify social affinity from this person to another person.
- Unconscious signals.
- More so, Sociometric Badge need to be able to provide feedback to its user (either real time or not).
- The method of capturing social signals is different than using the expensive camera to videotaping social interactions.
- Direct observation of humans by humans is expensive.
- This also limited to the number of observer.
- Observers do not always agree on matters (I am not sure what they meant by this).
- Using camera is expensive and limited to a particular space (well not anymore, nowadays you can buy cheap and small camera).
- Surveys is inaccurate and time consuming.
- Below are examples of Sociometric Badge implementations.
- Intelligent hospitals.
- Knowledge management and collaboration tools.
- Personal sales coach.
- Sensible organizations.
- The future of health care.
- Virtual worlds and social networking sites.
- Sensible organizations mean to make an organization to give feedback and know the social structure within the organization.
- The Sociometric Badge offered capability to these matters.
- Capable of monitoring human behavior.
- Extracting meaningful information.
- Provides the employees with performance evaluations and recommendations.
- Provides the manager with group performance metrics.
- Knowledge management and collaboration tools is basically my idea about building people wiki.
- Knowledge management and collaboration tools provides employees with a knowledge base for discovering other colleagues working with similar projects or colleagues that has specific expertise and specific interest.
- This knowledge management and collaboration tools automatically monitors organization social structure adn group people based on their knowledge and expertise.
- For example these are things that the knowledge management and collaboration tools can do.
- Data mining of digital documents.
- Face to face interaction.
- Monitoring emails.
- Monitoring instant messaging.
- Monitoring other form of communications.
- I am not sure if the points about monitoring are correct or if I just misinterpret things.
- Nevertheless, the knowledge management and collaboration tools provides information on how social structure within an organization works.
- Then give hints on how to engineer and optimize organizations.
- The other implementations of this Sociometric Badge is in health care.
- Sociometric Badge can be used as a self monitoring device that alerts user if their family members has early symptoms of depression.
- Sociometric Badge can be used as well to monitor daily activities of elderly people.
- For example it can detect falls of behavioral changes, then alert the nearby family members or medically capable of this potentially dangerous situation.
- Another thing is for managing obesity.
- Sociometric Badge and mobile phone could be used to keep track of these things.
- Energy expenditure.
- Food intake.
- Daily routines.
- Provides feedback and suggestions to the user.
- Another implementations of Sociometric Badge is to make intelligent hospitals.
- This is similar on what Vocera Badge has achieved.
- In this paper Sociometric Badge can be used to provide information on location and specific person for right moment.
- Often time errors occur during nurse time - shifts.
- This wearable device can be used to monitor interaction between nurses and alert them on what kind information that should be told that would reduce the amount of errors incurred.
- Sociometric Badge can be used as well to provide doctor in emergency situation.
- To track patients as they moved from one to another facility within the hospital.
- To transfer patient's psychological data as they moved inside the hospital or for future reference.
- Sociometric Badge can be used as a personal sales coaching as well.
- It tells the user on what kind of matters will pull or push costumers.
- Sociometric Badge gives advice on how to interact with clients more effectively.
- The problem was at that moment (2007) sales were lacking on sufficient feedback on their selling capability.
- Top performing sales usually have these skills.
- Exhibit a lot of enthusiasm.
- Form a personal bond with the customer.
- Have a good communication skills.
- Sociometric Badge can also be used in virtual worlds and social networking sites.
- Interaction in online video games and social networking sites is limited to text chat.
- However, Sociometric Badge can offer different layer of communication by knowing personal social signals to other player within world wide web.
- Sociometric Badge provides new dimension of communication support.
- The long term goal of Sociometric Badge is to set interventions and recommendations that can lead to better individual.
- Electronics will eventually become smaller.
- Hence, Sociometric Badge will also become light weight and smaller.