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• There is this else: statement that can be used after any loop (for, while, ...) statement. This else: statement will be executed after the loop ends (for example, when the condition does meet anymore).
  • Link to the documentation, http://python-notes.curiousefficiency.org/en/latest/python_concepts/break_else.html.
  • Example codes.

if [1]:
    print("Then")
else:
    print("Else")
for x in [1]:
    print("Then")
else:
    print("Else")

• Link to the documentation of os.path.normcase, https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.path.html#os.path.normcase.
• os.path.normcase is used to remove any unwanted properties and symbol from a path string. Hence, the string can be treated as a path.
• Documentation on os.listdir(), https://docs.python.org/2/library/os.html#os.listdir.
• os.listdir() is used to return an array of all available files in path of this method's argument.
• Some Python commands to delete directory or file, http://stackoverflow.com/questions/6996603/delete-a-file-or-folder-in-python.
  • os.remove() used to remove a file.
  • os.rmdir() used to remove an empty directory.
  • shutil.rmtree() used to delete a directory and all its contents.
• Some Python commands to know if a path lead to a folder or a file, http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3204782/how-to-check-if-a-file-is-a-directory-or-regular-file-in-python.
  • os.path.isdir("bob") for checking directory/folder.
  • os.path.isfile("bob.txt") for checking file (other than directory).
• How to get only the folder name in a path string, http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3925096/how-to-get-only-the-last-part-of-a-path-in-python, os.path.basename(os.path.normpath('/folderA/folderB/folderC/folderD/'))
• Python code to copy file or folder using shutil library, http://stackoverflow.com/questions/123198/how-do-i-copy-a-file-in-python.

import shutil
# Both with or without the file extension works.
shutil.copy2('/dir/file.ext', '/new/dir/newname.ext')
shutil.copy2('/dir/file.ext', '/new/dir')

• Python codes to rename a file using os library. This does not working for moving file from internal storage into external storage in Unix based operating system. For that, use shutil.move() instead, http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2491222/how-to-rename-a-file-using-python.
  • Example code, os.rename("old.txt", "new.md") those arguments can be an absolute path as well.
• Python codes to rename a file using shutil library. This method works in both Unix and Windows operating system, http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2491222/how-to-rename-a-file-using-python.
  • The codes can be used to cut/move file as well. The argument can be an absolute path to the directory/file.

import shutil
shutil.move("old.txt", "new.md")

• How to create a folder using Python, http://stackoverflow.com/questions/273192/how-to-check-if-a-directory-exists-and-create-it-if-necessary.

if not os.path.exists(directory): # Check first if the folder is exists.
    os.makedirs(directory)

• The directory could be just the name of the directory/folder you want to make or an absolute path.
  • The first is means that the folder will be made in the directory of which the Python script runs.
  • The latter is to create directory/folder in any other location within your computer.